What is an example of a valid argument?

What is an example of a valid argument?

In effect, an argument is valid if the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion. The following argument is valid, because it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false: Elizabeth owns either a Honda or a Saturn. Elizabeth does not own a Honda.

What can make an argument invalid?

Invalid: an argument that is not valid. We can test for invalidity by assuming that all the premises are true and seeing whether it is still possible for the conclusion to be false. If this is possible, the argument is invalid. Validity and invalidity apply only to arguments, not statements.

Can an argument be invalid and strong?

An argument may be very strong or moderately strong. In conclusion, to show that an argument is invalid, you must give an example of how the premises could be true and the premises false at the same time. If an argument is invalid, ask if it could still be strong.

What is a faulty argument?

A fallacy (also called sophism) is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or “wrong moves” in the construction of an argument. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is. Arguments containing informal fallacies may be formally valid, but still fallacious.

What are the two elements that make an argument sound?

In an argument, there are two kinds of claims: a conclusion (the position one argues for or against) and two or more premises (claims, or reasons, that support the conclusion—which come in two kinds, major premises [MJ]and minor premises [MI]).

Does a sound argument have to be valid?

3 Answers. A sound argument is necessarily valid, but a valid argument need not be sound. The argument form that derives every A is a C from the premises every A is a B and every B is a C, is valid, so every instance of it is a valid argument. Note that an unsound argument may have a true or a false conclusion.

What is an example of an unsound argument?

Any invalid argument is unsound, and any argument with an untrue premiss is unsound. It is possible that premiss (1) is true while the conclusion (2) is false. Therefore, this argument is invalid and cannot be sound. A valid argument with a false premiss is also unsound: 1) If pigs can fly, then ducks can talk.